Because I could not stop for death by Dickinsons Essay

Because I could not stop for death by Dickinsons - Essay ExampleThis verse form was initially written as The Chariot. Dickinson went into chronic isolation for 25 years she wanted to leave the somatogenetic spiritedness and indulged in the complexities of soul and a free mind. Her friends had separated from her slightly had got married and others had moved on in their life. This is when she became aloof and made perpetual decisions in her life. This critically acclaimed poem came out when she refractory to detach from public exposure, friends and family. It basically represents Emilys personification of death she identified death with a gentleman. The discussion of Dickinsons poem is significant to comprehend the change criticisms and interpretations of her work. The poem is equally well-built and spiritual, beguiling literature-obsessed generations to a philosophical understanding of death and our emblematic relationship with it. A developmental paper for this poem enables the researches and readers alike pass judgment the difference of opinions and attitudes towards this poem and the sheer importance of death. Some view this poem from the perceptual lens of social death some view it as physical death and some state that Dickinsons focus was primarily on spiritual death. One of the critics goes on to relate her work to Christianity and its core beliefs about afterlife, whereas some literary experts say that this poem was the result of mere loneliness. Four interpretations of Because I could not stop death are being presented below, following a particular conclusion. Mary Neff Shaw (1991) built upon the work of Dickinson. Her understanding of the poem reveals that Dickinson was preoccupied with her past relationships and images. The poem links death and eternity together, delving into the layers of soul. Dickinson attempted to explain the reality of the soul as part of the spiritual universe and not just the physical existence. The progression in the p oem shoes how the author developed a deeper and a more reflective understanding of her past. Another important aspect pointed out in Shaws paper was the stages that he has inferred from this poem. According to him, when Dickinson says school she points towards the tender puerility memories later when she says fields, she is indicating maturity that comes in the middle age and finally when she talks about the setting of the sun, she is implying the onset of old age. A check quoted in the Indian Journal of research, explains Emily Dickinsons biography as well as her literary development. Premalatha (2012) in this review elaborates on how intense Dickinsons compose has been. The steering she portrays emotions symbolically is commendable for instance, the author of this review examined how Emily painted the picture of sensations of death and life in her work indirectly. Her writing becomes more relatable as she gives a persona to entities like life, death and soul. Dickinson, in her poem, tried to illustrate how the human body, on a physical level suffers throughout life from cradle to the funeral. Moreover, the way Dickinson has personalized the thought content of a dying person, has been critically appreciated. This review also highlighted the transitional presentation of life before and after death in Dickinsons poem. Furthermore, Premalatha has also remarked on the delicate description of death. The words Death drives slowly, knows no hate and kindly represent the authors feat to embrace death instead of fearing it. The manifestation of death as a carriage tells how death can be a source of ease from lifes frustration and worry. These interpretations are highly related to Dickinsons life. Literature review demonstrates that she was socially depressed which made her

Evaluating Internet Sources Government Shutdown 2013 Research Paper

Evaluating Internet Sources Government Shutdown 2013 - Research Paper ExamplePolicymic.com is an online publication whose part is to inform, sell, persuade and educate. The site is on-line(prenominal) as it is designed to avail news and analysis of societys politics, entertainment, arts, and identities. The audition for this site is the commonplace public and the schooling provided in the politics section is appropriate for college-level research by political science students giving its relevance. While the site provides origins for its presented information, it is evident that majority of their publications/articles are outsourced from the general public and the selling aspect in arts and entertainment/personalities, the sight may not be necessarily authoritative. The addressing of the government shutdown 2013 in carnal knowledge to the 1995 shutdown, downgrades the sites estimation and analytical aspects thus jeopardizing its accuracy. The final evaluation of the site is tha t policymic.com is not a good source to use at college-level research.The withstander is an online editorial website whose purpose is to inform, analyze and educate. As an editorial and politically independent website, the site is current and up to date on with information on business, technology, politics, environment, and lifestyles. The audience for this site is the general public and the information provided in their various topics is relevant and appropriate at college-level research. The authoritative aspect of the website can be traced back to the source of its articles and the manner in which they are detailed. This translates to accuracy and reliability making it a good source to use for college research.Cnn.com is an online editorial whose purpose is to inform, educate, entertain and persuade. The site is current and up to date on political issues, news, and social trends. The audience of the site is the general internet community providing its relevance and reliability f or college-level research.

The Crusaders and the Church Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Crusaders and the Church - Research Paper ExampleNeither can the writings of apostles and church fathers (prosecuted by Romans) be the de conk outure patch for analysis2. It is evident by now, that there are differences in three aforementioned texts and moral approaches, and the task of researcher is to clarify the motives behind different rhetorical strategies quite a than search for positive models of behavior. The Main Controversy It was no secret for medieval church leaders that peaceful message of the New Testament was not enchant for preaching in their violent world3. Moreover, there has always been an opposition to c on the wholes for the butchery of infidels for example, Charlemagne was opposed y such influential figures as Alcuin of York and John Scot Erigena4. It was not until the eleventh century AC that violent practices actually won full legitimacy in the church writings5. Moreover, those who came to battles fully realized what a demanding task it was, often ghos tly rather than physical. For many knights, especially the participants of the first crusades, the march was a form of religious initiation and repentance performed with prayers, fasts, and vows6. The difference is striking one group of people, the clergy, was legitimately prohibited to take part in the crusades7 the spiritual leaders were against the murders or at least saw the controversy. Another group, the knights and the people of lower social classes fortune them, did not feel that wars for the cross were controversial. That is how with the advent of the mod influential social strata new morality code appeared in the already multifaceted Christian worldview. This new morality deserves more detailed examination. The Knighthood Phillips observes that the pope Urban II (who inspired the First Crusade) was sensitive to the needs of the new social class of war aristocracy, as the pope himself came from the like circles He linked several ingredients familiar to medieval society, s uch as pilgrimage and the idea of a holy war against the enemies of God, with an unique offer of salvation, a combination almost guaranteed to enthuse the warriors of western Europe8. Another accepted practice of this class was vengeance, which ideally corresponded the mission of the crusaders and echoed the Old Testament9. Many knights were religious and perceived their war service as a kind of spiritual mission. The examples was the knight Matthew described by Guibert of Nogent10. The customs like throwing away weapons after the crusade, abstinence before serious military missions, temporary celibate and making testaments before departure was widespread throughout the whole history of crusades11. The very idea of abandoning ingleside and family for the unknown future, the voluntary exile was in line with the practices of self-humiliation more appropriate for monks12. Still, even those monastic practices were not innocent in class terms they testified that the knighthood takes part in the crusades voluntarily and autonomously, unlike the participants of most holy wars around the world (this is the reason why Riley-Smith distinguishes the holy war aspect of crusades from the penitential aspect)13. However, not all the knights were pious in this monastic sense. There is plenty of evidence of their greed, hedonism, and cruelty. A notorious example was Hugh, count of Avranches (11th century AC), a glutton, a butcher, and a regular representative of

Business Environment Analysis of British Airways Essay - 2

Business Environment Analysis of British Airways - Essay ExampleBritish airways slew is to encourage achieving values that argon very important for the organization (Katie, 2013). The organization values to achieve acceptable standards to govern individual behavior in the organization.The organizations be running their businesses all over the world. The main purpose of these organizations is to fulfill the basic needs of the human and to give good impact on the world. The businesses usually constituted in order to prevent or improve the human life. Many organizations in the world understand the management of organization and explicit verity of decisions make to provide direction to the organization (Bryson, 2011). The organizational purpose is to take verify of the decisions for the insiders and communicate with the outsiders. In the private celestial sphere, the organization is not part of the government. Whereas, the public sector organization, is owned and operated by the gov ernment. British Airways is originally a privately owned aviation organization that was nationalized in 1939. British airways merge the financial losses and industrial operations privately (Heinz & Pitfield, 2011).In an organization, the stakeholder relationship model make connections between the organization and its stakeholders. It is essential for the organization to establish a good understanding with the stakeholder in order to raise the profit and organizational profile. There are many stakeholders of British airways, including customers, employees, competitors, suppliers, media, environmental issues, local communities, financial institutions, shareholders, government etc (Balmer, Illia, & Brena, 2013). Below few stakeholders are discussed.The customers are the major source of earning profits for the organization, and these customers have high impact on the management of the organization. The British airways always try to attract the existing customers and pass away forward t o attract the young or new audience.The British airways have the

Marketing strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing strategies - Assignment ExampleImplications of this change on marketing strategies, specifically, major(ip) shift from traditional ship canal of marketing and promotion to major usage of online social media like facebook, tweeter and other popular social networking sites will also be analysed in this paper. Therefore, this study includes a complete package of changing headache environmental related issues and its effects and implications on marketing strategies. Introduction Continuous changes in various factors of macro billet environment are the most valuable areas of global melodyes. Business organizations keep in-depth focus on the new movements or changes in these macro factors. Most important macro environmental factors are political factors, economical factors, social factors, cultural factors and technological factors. Substantial changes on these environmental factors have major impact or effects on the marketing strategies of the organizations. Management of l eading organizations in the world have collaboratively cracked business associations to research on the forthcoming trend and trend on global market. There are also many research organization have been formed who specialises in the market research to identify the changes and develop necessary changes in the strategic marketing and provide advisory services to the organizations in each countries. Organizations are constantly facing difficulties in this critical of business where expected or predicted changes sometimes differ from the actual changes in the market especially in the purchasing and consumption doings of the potential target consumers. Consumer behaviour changes according to the ever changing trend on economical, social and technological environment in the world or a specific country. In this study, the major changes in the macro environmental factors in South Africa will be discussed in details with respect to changing trend in the global business environment. Detailed overview of the change/ trend in macro business environment Business organizations in South Africa or any other countries have call on open systems after the worldwide globalizations or open economy or open market. Therefore, organizations get resources from the environment that may be domestic, may be regional or international. Similarly, nay organizations have the opportunity to get the world market as the target market of them and can access any market crosswise the world. Therefore, foreign environmental factors of a business have major impact on the both input and output level as organizations always tries to take over the opportunities from the changing business environment in national or international level. Firms cannot change any of the macro environmental influences but they can only react by the continuous changing the strategies with the changes in those environmental factors. Therefore, business change the internal business environment i.e. strategies and activitie s to grasp the opportunities of changing trend in the external environment and also can protect from any negative impact of new trend on the businesses. Therefore, it is very impotent for the managers, strategic decision makers to compend the business environment in regular basis be3fore developing any strategic decisions for the

A Study of the Cultural Imperialism Theory Essay Example for Free

A Study of the Cultural Imperialism Theory EssayABSTRACTThis write up explores the validity of the Cultural Imperialism Theory which says the Western enculturation has dominated the cultures of developing Nations. It examines to what extent and how the Western valet in the real sense has dominated the developing countries. The study further examined the means through which the developing countries are being dominated culturally by the Western culture. The paper further looked at twain the negative and the positive effects of cultural imperialism. It concluded that though the occidental world is succeeding in eroding the culture of developing countries and Nigeria as a study, Nigeria as a Nation should put on some safety belt in safeguarding our heritage. INTRODUCTIONCulture is the bearing of life of a particularise of people. It encompasses the k presentlyl boundary, predilections, beliefs, values, standards, and sentiments prevalent in the grouping. According to Charle s A. Ellwood, an Ameri rout out Sociologist, culture is the collective name for all behavior patterns socially acquired and socially transmitted by means of symbols. assume A., defines Culture as the collectivity of human activities and general principles that tend to guide ideas of a group of people with shared traditions (general acceptability), which are passed on, instilled into generation (socialization) and reinvigorated by members of the group (sustainability) while Imperialism as defined by The Dictionary of Human Geography is the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, unremarkably between states and oft in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordinationThe Theorist of Cultural Imperialism theory, Herb Schiller postulated that Western nations dominate the media around the world which in kick the bucket has a powerful effect on Third globe Cultures by means of august on them, westbound views in that respect by destroying their intrinsic cultures Western elaboration take a shits the majority of the media (film, refreshings, comics, etc.) because they induce the m angiotensin converting enzymey to do so. The rest of the world purchases those productions because it is cheaper for them to do so rather than produce their proclaim. Therefore, Third World countries are watching media modify with the Western worlds itinerary of living, believing, and thinking. The troika world cultures then start to want and do the same things in their countries and destroy their own culture. In cultural Imperialism theory, the find words are culture and imperialism.According to Anaeto G., Onabajo, O. and Osifeso, J. (2008), they wrote that the western countries are technologically developed in television and motion programmes and developing countries that are not technologically developed depend on the programmes from the developed countries. This means that the programmes from the developed countie s which portray their culture will be imbibed by the developing nations. This western culture at once dominates our topical anesthetic culture simply because we are consuming their mass media messages. The assumptions of the theory according to Schiller, H., are classified into three namely 1. Ontological Assumptions 2. Epistemological Assumptions3. axiological Assumptions1. Ontological AssumptionsThis theory says that humans do not use up the free will to chose how they feel, act, think, and live. They react to what they see on television because there is nothing else to equivalence it to besides their own lives, usually portrayed as less than what it should be. 2. Epistemological Assumptions This theory ex patents that there is hotshot truth and no matter what that truth never going to change. As long as Third World countries continue to air Western Civilizations programs then the third world countries will always suppose they should act, feel, think, and live as Western Civi lizations act, feel, think, and live. 3. Axiological Assumptions This theory is value-neutral and objective. It does not matter what beliefs the people of Third World may already hold, the television programs from the Western World will communicate the same message and affect them in the same way.CRITIQUES OF THEORYThe critiques of the Cultural Imperialism theory came up with scientific theory which counter-argued the theory with the pastime responses Explanatory berth It explains what happens when one group of people with their own ideas sends messages through the media to a different group of people. Predictive Power It predicts that Third World countries culture will be destroyed and the people will identify with Western views. Parsimony We can see a direct linear path from vector to receiver through the media channels and then watch the effects.Falsifiability The theory could be proved false should the Third World countries not be affected by Western media and they do not los e their culture. E.G Under the intriguing title Seducing the French (1993), Richard F.Kuisel concedes that the French underwent a process of Americanization. But at the same time, they succeeded in defending their Frenchness. French consumers found some American products appealing but they withal continued to cherish and idealize French national identity, notably the idea of a superior French high culture.Internal Consistency There is a logical flow of events and consequences within the theory. Heuristic Provocativeness This theory could lead to new hypotheses such as which cultures are affected more than than others (if any) or whether low context differ in the reception of messages compared top high context cultures? Organizing Power This fits with what we already know about differences between Western civilization and Third World countries. Another example the critique stated is that if an International Broadcast come out shows a video depicting Nigerians as corrupt, dangerous and malnourished, should someone in Nigeria watch this the Western stereotype of Nigerians, and not affected by it, the theory have been proved false.John, T., further argues that Cultural imperialism consists of the turn out of modernity. It is a process of cultural loss and not of cultural expansion. There never were groups of conspirators who attempted to spread any particular culture. Instead, world-wide technological and economic progress and integration reduced the importance of national culture. Therefore, it is misleading to put the blame for a global development on any one culture. The notion of imperialism that is, purposeful cultural conquest is irrelevant instead, all countries, regardless of whether they are located in the Yankee or southern hemisphere, are victims of a worldwide cultural changeMODES OF heathen IMPERIALISMTracing world history all through the era of colonialism, there have been histories of cultural imperialism which will seem the only way to expla in the popularity of the genuinely-British game cricket in all countries that once served as British colonies. onset of a country most often doesnt end with an invasion of the geographical territories within the political boundaries alone. Religious and cultural invasion are often inwrought parts of a political conquest. Its much easier to rule if your subjects share the same religious and cultural platforms as the invaders? The cultural imperialism theory is founded upon the premises of imposing the diverges and beliefs of the stronger culture (the invaders) upon the weaker or more submissive culture (the invaded). How does this cultural Imperialism take place?Dare A., states that Cultural imperialism takes place when one culture overtakes another in such a way that the latter ends up following a operative number of values, traditions, beliefs and influences of the former either completely or in a way merges the influences of the dominating culture with those of its own. Such a cultural invasion can either be active or passive. In its active form, the dominant allele culture forcefully imposes its cultural influences upon the dominated culture. This is a dynamic phenomenon where the subordinate culture is compelled to adopt the ways of the invaders. The passive form is when one culture (not needfully subordinate) voluntarily get marrieds the influences and traditions of another culture. Here, the dominant culture makes pocket-size or no forceful efforts in imposing its cultural ideals upon another but the latter gets influenced as a consequence of its receptivity to the formers cultural impacts. The passive form of cultural imperialism is what largely takes place today.Cultural imperialism can also occur due to the significant commercial relations between two countries. A country heavily importing products and services of another country may get significantly influenced by the exportinging countrys lifestyle attributes and social values. We can see this phenomenon in the form of Westernization of a number of Eastern countries. This is a type of passive cultural imperialism as the receiving culture adopts the foreign values without perceiving the fact that they are, in fact, becoming slaves of a foreign culture.WORLD EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISMEnglish Cultural ImperialismEnglish cultural imperialism has been overriding in the history of cultural imperialism. Latin which has the Churchs official language to popularizing its national game all across its colonies was changed to English. The British Empire left no stone pit unturned to make sure that its subjects adhered to its cultural idiosyncrasies even decades after ceasing to be its subjects. The fact that Cricket is among the top ten most popular sports around the world with an estimated 3 billion fan following, especially in countries want Australia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, New Zealand and certain African and Caribbean countries proves the strength of the English cultural imperialism. It is also a known fact that English is the third most spoken language after Mandarin and Spanish.Decades of dominion and repressive policies towards Tibet, Taiwan and various other close regions by chinaware has had a significant influence upon the religion and culture of these regions. The aggressive promotion of a standardized Chinese language across Mainland China and Taiwan indicates towards an attempted cultural imperialism aimed at overtaking regional dialects in these areas. Also, the fact that most traditional aspects of the Chinese culture pertaining to religious beliefs, festivals and social norms significantly inundate the socio cultural edifices of various Oriental countries indicate towards strongly existing cultural imperialism.The most widespread and still continuing instance of cultural imperialism can be seen in the form of Americanization. This is mostly due to the multitudes of commercial relationships the Unit ed States holds with a large number of countries in all parts of the world. This is definitely passive cultural imperialism and the countries that are most affected are those that have voluntarily adopted the stereotyped American lifestyle values and specific cultural aspectsCULTURAL IMPERIALISM IN NIGERIAThe Issue of SaggingSagging has wrick the latest phenomenon among the male youths today in Nigeria. It is what is in vogue if you have not exposed the cut part of your secluded, you belong to the old direct system. What is sagging and where did it come from? According to Greg, M., sagging was adopted from the United States prison system where belts are prohibited. Belts are sometimes prohibited to keep prisoners from using them as weapons or in committing suicide by hanging themselves. The style was later popularized by hip-hop artists in the 1990s. It has since become a symbol of freedom and cultural awareness among some youths or a symbol of their rejection of the values of m ainstream society. Jails are typically state run institutions. What usually happens is the state will order a set number of inmate uniforms. These uniforms are usually in general sizes like small, medium and large fashioning them ill-fitting for most inmates.When a medium sized inmate comes in and there are no remaining medium uniforms this inmate will receive a large instead. Prisoners are not allowed to have shoe laces or belts for fear theyd use them to kill themselves (by way of strangulation or hanging), or as weapons to kill or injure other inmates. The combination of over sized clothing and lack of fastening devices created the perfect storm for falling pants. Many highway hungry rappers latched on the dress of their incarcerated friends and family and brought the style to the masses. Thus a new trend was born and Nigerians have fallen into this trend Linguistic Imperialism Language is one of the principal elements in identifying a particular culture and the absence of it m akes a culture unidentifiable. It is vital for cultural transmission and preservation.With the gradual loss of our native languages in Nigeria, what culture are we then preserving? Ogwu, M., Agbanu, N. and Ofordile, J. describes Linguistic Imperialism as People who can relate with each other only through the medium of communication foisted on them by a former colonist are victims of a peculiar kind of Schizophrenia. The use of our language is declining in Africa especially Nigeria because we are compelled to embrace Western culture and civilization as Western language. Western language has created a division between an elite and mass of our people who still cannot do business with foreign language. It causes alienation for people who cannot turn to English or French. Language is a vehicle of culture we are in a very serious problem. e.g. Professor Babafunwa project on local language as a basic tool of teaching in Nigeria was aborted because of the nature of our country.Parents als o do not incite their children or wards to speak in their local language as they belief it causes setback in their education. Fashion imperialism You hardly find some of our men, women and the youths who still embrace our cultural mode of ski binding. Our people are going gaga with the western way of dressing thereby losing their root of African way of dressing. Its quite unfortunate that when expatriates and tourist who come to Nigeria appreciate our native attire while the owners of the heritage has seen it as something of old school and fashion.Tattoos have also become a common phenomenon. Both the young and old are stamping themselves all over the body with symbolic devilish tattoos. Religious Imperialism Most churches in Nigeria today have gone the western way. When you go to some churches today, you marvel at the way some our ladies apparel. The custom of covering of hair has been eroded by the western way all kinds of dressing are acceptable. The men or young male adults p ut on all sort of jewels and dress haggardly. The sense of going to commune with God is lost.EFFECTS OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM Moral DecadencyThrough the float of western culture into Nigeria through the advent of technology and globalization, there has been obvious moral decline in Africa and in Nigeria in particular. This moral decadence has permeated almost all spheres of our culture. Moral consciousness has been equated with awkward and uneven life styles. According to Oshafu, H., in his article Cultural Imperialism, this resulted due to Africas carelessness and failure to hold their culture with high esteem. He added that the moral integrity of African society has over night transformed into moral decay. Elders are no longer respected, our rapid festivals and ceremonies are now seen as old school and we now have children of single parents, a phenomenon that is identifiable with America. People no longer communalize, nobody wants to be anybodys brothers keeper. Our mode of dres sing has been totally distorted by western civilization through foreign films and media content.Today we seem not to have any cultural attire. Our people now prefer to go naked on the streets as against our culture, micro minis with handless tops has this to show. The acculturation of blue jean and hamburger has gradually found it way into young people in African society. The issue of dress code has led to controversies in our high institute in today. Cases of immoral dressing have also gave way to rapid sexual harassment among students and lecturers, bosses and their employees. Raping in our society today came as a result of reckless dressing code by ladies The traditional notion of chastity and virginity have been rendered absurd by pornographic and sleazy materials displayed on screens, distorting sexuality and condoning promiscuity, which has given rise to active homosexuality and lesbianism in our society today.These cases of reckless sex have led to the rapid spread of STDs pa rticularly, HIV/AIDs in our society today. Innocent children are expiry of this disease. They paid dearly for the offence committed by their parents. This is immoral evil militating against the dignity of human person. Increase in Crime Rate With exposure to the western way of life, annex in crime rate is on high. Most of the films we watch on the television set are crime oriented thereby leading to increase in crime rate. In as much as there is positive impact of the television set, the negative aspect outweighs the best part, as the western world is teaching modern ways to crime though the kind of programmes being disseminated, which includes kidnapping, serial killing etc.Look for more pointsWe have scholars who however belief that Cultural Imperialism theory regardless of its negative effect has its positive side. Cultural imperialism they say is not entirely bad as it increases the pace of development in Nigeria and other less developed countries. For example, in the giving away of media products free of charge or selling them at a very low price to these developing nations, the US actually accelerates the offset of the media industry and the advancement in technology, hence increasing the knowledge and skills of the people there. Their actions not only add on to actual growth the subsequent increase in human capital further boosts potential growth, which is essential for the actual growth to be sustained in the long run. This investment in human capital goes a long way and benefits the country as it strengthens the competitive edge and increases productivity of the workforce.Economic growth is also achieved Even more so, being a developing nation, Nigeria would not have had the latest technology available to produce media products it is only through the provision of the American companies that they are able to obtain state-of-the-art equipment. The advocacy of production of local-helmed programs would thus further enhance American influence on the na tion. Despite government efforts to hinder cultural imperialism, they cannot completely eliminate the impacts of this influence as American media products have already found their way into the commercialise and become a part of Nigerias media production efforts. They need such interference in order to keep their media industry alive WAY before Long Term Investment in the Development of our Mass Media whiz way cultural imperialism spreads is through the mass media. The local media imports foreign materials because it is cheaper than having to produce local indigenous content. An example of this issue is that indigenous journalists have to learn to transcribe and rewrite news by foreign news agencies rather than source for their own stories. Sometimes even rewriting local stories covered by the foreign news agencies. Our government and private investors should invest heavily in our local media and encourage the development of indigenous content that will reflect our culture, values, promote our languages etc. Media products like movies, news, music, advertising etc should be regulated to avoid the influx of foreign content. This is where organizations like the Nigerian Broadcasting Service come in. They should develop stronger laws and be strict in its enforcement of the laws such as the 60/40% rule (60% indigenous, 40% foreign). If the indigenous media products are of high quality, the citizens will be encouraged to consume them.This is so because a lot of people give the low quality of the products (movies, music, adverts, news etc) as reasons for not consuming them. If Nigerians consume indigenous media products, it will reflect in every area of our lives (culturally that is). An example is what is happening in the Nigerian music industry,. Because of the increase in local content in our music, it is now becoming acceptable and even encouraged to sing in our indigenous languages(Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo etc), dress in our native attires most especially Ankara an d wear our national colors. There has been a rise in the popularity of Pidgin English as opposed to just speaking plain English. Also the teaching of our indigenous languages should be encouraged in our schools. All primary and secondary schools should be encouraged to teach at least one Nigerian language at all classes especially in the minority regions of the country where the minority languages are in danger of becoming extinct.Parents should further speak their native dialect with their wards or children to aid them to be conversant in their local dialect. Young adults today see it as a taboo or as inferiority complex speaking in their local dialect it does not sound tush rather local parents more importantly should be more watchful and observant in the kind of foreign stations their children tune to for their programmes as media has become the primary means by which many of us experience or learn about many aspects of the world around us Stanley and Dennis, 5th edition,p.200). With the presence of technology, access to International broadcast station is at the tip of the hand, we have cables surrounding us and with just a remote control, you can be anywhere in the world learning and assimilating what is been move on you. As such supervision is needed to regulate what is been watched.Parents should devout time for their children while they are still young as most of the western values tend to catch them while they are still young just as the catch them young phrase. Another solution is to try to export our own culture as this will help in boosting tourism in Nigeria. We should conscious try to sell and promote our media products to the rest of the world. This will amend our image globally and help foreigners understand our culture, values, cuisine better. I would like to say at this point that we should not consume wholly indiginous media products. A little foreign content is still advisable as there has been some good aspects of cultural imperialism suc h as technological and educational advancement, political twist (democracy), eradication of some harmful practices like the killing of twins etc. We should take a balanced approach, like an 80 (indigenous))/20% (foreign).CONLUSIONAs a result of globalization and technological advancement, the western world has succeeded in dominating the third world countries. This notwithstanding should not be an excuse for Nigerians and other third world countries to be subjugated by the western world. Nigerian as a nation should fight cultural imperialism and fight back for our lost culture. One way by which this could be done is through Long Term Investment in the Development of our Mass Media as it is the major means by which cultural imperialism spreads.The local media imports foreign materials because it is cheaper than having to produce local indigenous content. An example of this issue is that indigenous journalists have to learn to transcribe and rewrite news by foreign news agencies rath er than source for their own stories. Sometimes even rewriting local stories covered by the foreign news agencies. Our government and private investors should invest heavily in our local media and encourage the development of indigenous content that will reflect our culture, values, promote our languages etc.REFERENCESAnaeto, S. G., Onabajo, O. S. and Osifeso, J. B. (2008). Models and Theories ofCommunication. African Renaissance Books Incorporated.Dare, A., (2010). The make of Western Civilization and Culture on Africa. Afro Asian daybook of Social Sciences (1/1) Quarter IVGrifin, E. (2000). A first look at communication theory. (4th edition). Boston, MA McGraw- HillLittlejohn, S. W. (1999). Theories of human communication (6th edition). Belmont, CAWadsworth.Oshafu H. U. Cultural Imperialism. Accessed from http//www.buzzle.com/articles/culturalimperialism-examples.html on 12/11/2012.Ogwu, M., Agbanu, N., and Ofordile, J. (December, 2010). Sustaining Cultural ValuesThrough the Pro motion of Indigenous Languages in Nigeria Journal ofCommunication and Culture International Perspective. (1/3), pp 76Schiller, H. I. (1976). Communication and Cultural Domination. Armonk, NY International Arts and Sciences Press. Accessed online on 29/10/2012.Critics of cultural imperialism theory. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation available Accessed at http//www.americanforeignrelations.com on 29/10/2012

Free

Freedom of speech EssayIntroductionThe Ameri bath Flag is slowly being folded into a perfect triangle by soldiers. Bystanders watch as a twenty star gun salute is given to a veterans family who gave his breeding for our country. The family weeps over their lost loved one.This sacred moment in time is one that no one should interrupt. A group out of Kansas known as Westboro Baptist Church (WBC) travels around the country protesting at soldiers funerals that the death is Gods punishment to the U. S. for tolerating homosexuality in the country. This so called church building is able to hold protests overdue to constitutional castigates and express their set freedom of speech however they should not be allowed to protest at funerals out of respect for the deceased and disturb the peace. The Westboro Baptist Church is lamentable the realitys peace, save still has the freedom of speech to picket and protest what they please. Funerals should be sacred, and therefore Congress sho uld pass a law placing limits on where it is acceptable to protest. Research SectionThe Brief Bio of Pastor Fred Phelps states, in Topeka, Kansas, Fred Phelps founded the Westboro Baptist Church in 1955. Phelps was appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point, but instead enrolled for Bible/Ministerial training at Bob Jones College. Joined by his family and friends, Phelps is still leading the church today. The Westboro Baptist Church is a non profit organization, and the church considers itself an Old School Baptist Church.The Westboro Church groups are traveling around the country making stops several times a week to protest and picket. Targets accept schools the group deems to be accepting of homosexuality Catholic, Lutheran, and other Christian denominations that WBC feels are heretical and funerals for people murdered or killed in accidents like compressed crashes and for American soldiers killed in Iraq and Afghanistan, a tactic the group started in 2005 (T he Anti-Defamation League). Not only directed at soldiers and gays, The Westboro Baptist Church fuels on any tragedy hap in the United States.After the natural disaster of hurricane Sandy, the church protests that it was a sign from God. The Constitution, under the Bill of Rights, protects this groups advocacy to protest wherever they wish. The church holds signs give tongue to Pope in hell, Thanks God for dead soldiers, God Hates Fags and anything else to offend the people or groups it is towards. They also wear American flags around their chase outside and will kick it around on the ground. The community cannot endure the verbal torture any long and this has led to court cases and out breaks. Jonsson states While Westboro is commonly careful to stay within the law and clear protests with local legal philosophy, yield protesters confound in the past attacked members of the group, even pouring coffee on them and cough out on them. ArgumentThe Westboro Church should not be abl e to disturb the peace and privacy at a funeral nor picket institutions or individuals for brooking homosexuality. The signs they debunk are disturbing, inappropriate, and offensive. The Westboro Churchs controversial appearances have led to several court cases dealing with corrects restrictions on the freedom to protest, particularly distance limits on how conclude you are authorized to protest from a funeral site. One case was brought forward by Albert Snyder, father of Mathew Snyder, a 20 year-old solider killed in Iraq.Ariane de Vogue stated The case, one of the most controversial on the court docket, was brought by Albert Snyder, who sued the church, after members picketed the funeral of his son, Lance Corporal Matthew Snyder, who died in Iraq. The Church has many opinions that should not be said or displayed to the common due to the emotional cause and pain the public has to endure. Having hurt the American citizens, the Westboro Church, under the first amendment, has the freedom of speech. The first Amendment states Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to beg the Government for a redress of grievances.Therefore, this gives the Westboro Baptist Church the right to protest in public while being protected by federal law. The Church groups were stand far enough away from the funeral that the court could not prove the protest was exactly pointed at the Snyders sons burial. Warren Richey stated The protesters stood in a cordoned off area approved by police about a thousand feet from the church. The unequivocal Court used the distance the group was away from the burial to say that the protest was not pointed directly at Snyders family during the burial.Even though The Westboro Church has the First Amendment protecting them, they are still disturbing the peace and offending th e public by protesting. Our freedom of speech is protected by the Constitution which is protected by our soldiers, a freedom Westboro Baptist Church has maltreated by protesting the very soldiers who fight for this freedom. Holding signs saying youre going to hell, God hates America, and Thank God for IEDs, are insulting to the public and the country and are affecting Americans everywhere. Snyder has called the day his son died the worst day of his life.His grief was compounded, he said, by being targeting by the churchs demonstrations. It is one thing no family should ever have to go through(De Vogue, Ariane). The definition of disturbing the peace is A person who fights in a public area, or who brings about the threat of fighting, anyone who is purposefully disruptive of an otherwise peaceful public assembly, one who solicits money while in a public place a person who is drunk, and unruly in a public area, or any group that participates in an unlawful assembly (For the people). W estboro would fall under anyone who is purposefully disruptive of an otherwise peaceful public assembly. The church is showing poor judgment and an utter disregard for human dignity when they protest at a funeral. ProposalWith all the disturbances that the Westboro Baptist Church has caused, Congress should incorporate litigation to prevent insults to others. Congress must pass a law placing limits on the extent of free speech and the right to protest in regard to memorial services. Given the freedom of speech, Congress cannot prohibit the protestors from displaying signs that are obscene or stating their opinions, but can pass a law stating how far away from the funeral the protests have to be. Williams stated, Indeed, in the incident in question, Westboro complied with police requests to stay 1,000 feet from the funeral, and all but the tops of its members signs were surreptitious from mourners view. Congress should take this into consideration and reflect upon veterans and Ameri can citizens civil rights. In my opinion, family members should not have to face such obscenities during a period of mourning.The First Amendment does not prevent Westboro Baptist Church from offending the family members and citizens from their perverse signs and protests. Therefore, many civil law suits have not proven effective towards the church under the right of the First Amendment and freedom of speech. Most Americans whose thoughts are negative towards the churchs views choose to hold counter protests in support of veterans family members who have been killed in combat (Policinski, 2011). Congress passing the law should help these families during a time of grief to remember their loved one, and not have to see the fatal sign of hatred to this country. ConclusionThe First Amendment to the Constitution is a privilege Americans take grand ownership of. However, a group of individuals from the Westboro Baptist Church are taking advantage of this right we all have, pushing the freedom of speech to the point where citizens are questioning its true value. Individuals are starting to come together to counter protest toward Westboro so they will stop insulting those that fight for this country.Policinski stated A few weeks ago, in Nashville, Tenn., more than 1,000 counter-protesters turned out in support of family members of a soldier killed in combat, overwhelming the presence of a small Westboro contingent. The daily lives of Americans should not have to be interrupted by such insanity, and having to see vulgar signs shooting down the citizens and their country, also that their nations flag is being tossed around like a rag doll. If we fail to police our own responsibilities as citizens, America will shrink back to the oppressed nation it once was. Congress must push to clarify and define what is protected In the Constitution and end this travesty that is disrupting our peace.Works CitedDisturbing The Peace. For The People. Morgan and Morgan. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012.Gene, Policinski. Commentary Inside The First Amendment Laws Are Not Best Way To cut through Westboro. Daily Record, The (Baltimore, MD) (n.d.) Legal Collection. Web. 28 Nov. 2012.God Hates Fags. God Hates Fags. GHF, 2012.Web. 27 Nov, 2012.Jonsson, Patrik. What recourse now to Westboro Baptist Churchs rude protests? Christian Science Monitor. 3 Mar. 2011. 1Pg. Academic Search Complete. Web.28 Nov. 2012.Richey, Warren. Supreme Court hurtful speech of Westboro Baptist Church is protected. Christian Science Monitor. 3 Mar. 2011. 1pg. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.The Anti-Defamation League. The Anti-Defamation League. ADL, 2012. Web. 19 Nov, 2012.The Preamble to The Bill of Rights. Give me liberty. (N.p.) (n.d.) Web. 27 Nov, 2012.Vogue, De Ariane. Supreme Court OKs Protests at Military Funeral. ABCnews. 2011. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.Vogue, De Ariane. Westboro Baptist Church Comes to the Supreme Court. ABCnews. 2010. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.Williams, Patricia. License And L iberty. Nation 292.13 (2011) 9. Legal Collection. Web. 28 Nov. 2012.